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Growing Guide: Mullein

January 27, 2025

Mullein (Verbascum spp.) is a versatile and hardy biennial herb known for its towering flower spikes and soft, velvety leaves. This low-maintenance plant thrives in poor soils and sunny conditions, making it an excellent choice for beginner gardeners and those looking to add a touch of wild beauty to their garden. Here’s everything you need to know about growing mullein successfully.

Historical & Medicinal Significance

Mullein has a rich history of use in traditional medicine and folklore. Ancient civilizations, including the Greeks and Romans, valued mullein for its ability to soothe respiratory ailments. Its leaves were commonly used in poultices to treat skin irritations, while its flowers were infused into oils for earaches. Folklore also associated mullein with protection and warding off evil spirits, often hanging dried stalks in homes for this purpose.  Today, mullein remains a popular herbal remedy, particularly for its anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties in managing coughs and colds.

Overview

  • Common Name Mullein
  • Scientific Name – Verbascum spp.
  • Plant Type – Biennial (some species are perennial)
  • Sun Requirements – Full sun
  • Soil Type – Well-drained, sandy or rocky soils
  • Bloom Time – Summer (second year)
  • Height – 3 to 10 feet, depending on species
  • Hardiness Zones – 4 to 9
nullein flowem
Mullein spikes are quickly recognizable in the garden

Planting Mullein

1. Choosing the Right Spot

  • Mullein thrives in full sun and prefers poor, well-drained soils. Avoid overly rich or clay-heavy areas, as these can lead to waterlogging and root issues.

2. Starting Seeds

  • When to Plant – Sow seeds directly in the garden in late spring or early summer.
  • How to Sow – Scatter seeds on the soil surface and press them lightly without covering, as mullein seeds require light to germinate.
  • Spacing – Space plants 18 to 24 inches apart to allow room for their rosette-shaped growth in the first year.

3. Transplants

  • If starting indoors, sow seeds 6 to 8 weeks before the last frost. Transplant seedlings when they have at least two sets of true leaves and the soil has warmed.

Growing Mullein

1. Watering

  • Mullein is drought-tolerant and prefers dry conditions. Water sparingly, only during extended dry periods.

2. Fertilizing

  • Mullein thrives in poor soils and typically does not require additional fertilization. Adding compost at planting time can improve soil structure but is not essential.

3. Pruning and Maintenance

  • Remove spent flower stalks after blooming to prevent excessive self-seeding.
  • Thin seedlings if plants become overcrowded.

4. Pests and Diseases

  • Mullein is largely pest-resistant but may occasionally attract spider mites or aphids. Use a strong stream of water to dislodge pests or apply insecticidal soap as needed.

Harvesting and Uses

1. Leaves

  • Harvest mullein leaves in the first year when they are soft and vibrant. These are commonly used in herbal remedies for respiratory support.

2. Flowers

  • Pick flowers during the second year when they are fully open. Flowers are often used for making teas, oils, or infused remedies.

3. Seeds

  • Allow seed heads to mature on the plant if you wish to collect seeds. Harvest when the capsules are dry and brown.

Tips for Success

  • Mullein is a self-seeding plant, so if you want to control its spread, remove seed heads before they mature.
  • Plant mullein as a focal point in wildflower gardens or naturalized areas where its height and structure can shine.
  • Companion plant with other drought-tolerant species like lavender, yarrow, or sage.

With its striking presence and low-maintenance nature, mullein is a fantastic addition to any garden. Whether you’re drawn to its medicinal properties or its ornamental appeal, this hardy herb is sure to thrive in your sunny, well-drained garden space.


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